The operation of solar panels is based on the principle of photovoltaics. When sunlight strikes the panel’s photovoltaic cells, photons (light particles) release electrons from the silicon, generating a direct current (DC) electric current.

Subsequently, this current is transformed into alternating current (AC) by an inverter, so that it can be used in homes, businesses or industries. If the system is equipped with batteries, the excess energy is stored for use at times when there is no sunlight, such as at night.

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Solar panels offer multiple advantages: they significantly reduce your electric bill by generating your own energy, they are a clean and sustainable source that reduces CO₂ emissions, and they provide energy independence in the face of price fluctuations. In addition, they are a profitable long-term investment, with minimal maintenance, increase the value of your property and allow you to sell surplus energy in some cases. Their durability of 25-30 years and resistance to extreme climates make them an efficient and environmentally responsible option.

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There are three main types:

1. Monocrystalline: High efficiency (18%-22%), ideal for small spaces and maximum durability, but more expensive.
2. Polycrystalline: More economical, with moderate efficiency (15%-18%), recommended for installations with ample space.
3. Thin film: Lightweight and flexible, low efficiency (10%-12%), ideal for large surfaces or mobile applications.

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Solar panels have an average lifetime of 25 to 30 years. However, this does not mean that they stop working after this period. After their nominal lifetime, solar panels continue to generate electricity, but with reduced capacity and efficiency.

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Solar panels require very little maintenance, as they have no moving parts. However, it is important to perform some periodic tasks to ensure their efficiency and durability. They require periodic cleaning and annual inspections to ensure maximum performance. With proper maintenance, they can last more than 25 years while maintaining their efficiency.

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