Solar panels are much more than simple plates on a roof: they are complex and highly technological devices designed to transform sunlight into electrical energy in an efficient and long-lasting manner. But what materials make them possible and how do they contribute to their performance and strength?
In this article, we’ll break down the main components of solar panels and understand why each material plays an essential role in their performance, protection and longevity. If you’ve ever wondered how solar panels are made, you’ll find all the answers here.
What are solar panels made of?
Have you ever wondered what solar panels are made of? These devices are designed with advanced materials that guarantee their efficiency, durability and resistance for years.
Solar panels are mainly composed of photovoltaic cells, which convert sunlight into electricity.
Main components that make up a solar panel:
- Silicon
Silicon is the main material due to its semiconducting properties. There are three types of silicon used:
- Monocrystalline silicon: High purity, higher efficiency and durability.
- Polycrystalline silicon: Lower purity and efficiency, but more economical.
- Amorphous silicon (for thin-film panels): Flexible, lightweight and less efficient.
- Tempered glass
The panel surface is covered by tempered glass that protects the solar cells from impact, dust and extreme weather conditions, such as hail or snow. This glass is anti-reflective to maximize sunlight absorption.
- Backsheet
A plastic sheet located on the back of the panel that protects the solar cells and provides electrical insulation.
- Aluminum frame
The frame, made of strong, lightweight aluminum, provides structural support to the panel and facilitates installation.
- Encapsulant (EVA)
EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) is a transparent layer that seals the solar cells between the glass and the back sheet, ensuring their protection and durability.
- Junction box and electrical cables
The panel includes cables and connectors that allow the energy generated to be transported to other components of the solar system, such as the inverter.
Summary of materials:
- Silicon: Material used in solar cells.
- Tempered glass: Front protective layer.
- Backsheet: Re ar protective sheet.
- Aluminum frame: Structural support.
- EVA encapsulant: Sealing and protection of cells.
- Cables and connections: Transport of generated electricity.
The combination of materials such as silicon, tempered glass, EVA encapsulant and aluminum frame is what makes the solar panels so efficient, durable and resistant to adverse weather conditions, allowing them to transform sunlight into energy for more than 25 years. Thanks to this precision engineering, these devices can generate clean energy for decades, with minimal maintenance.
Knowing the materials of a solar panel helps you understand its value and the technology behind this renewable energy source. Now that you know what they are made of, what are you waiting for to take the leap towards a more sustainable future? Contact us and we will inform you.