{"id":19187335,"date":"2026-04-22T12:00:33","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T10:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/polestarenergy.es\/?p=19187335"},"modified":"2026-04-22T12:00:33","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T10:00:33","slug":"curtailment-in-spain-why-you-are-losing-money-with-your-solar-plant-and-how-to-avoid-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/polestarenergy.es\/en\/curtailment-in-spain-why-you-are-losing-money-with-your-solar-plant-and-how-to-avoid-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Curtailment in Spain: why you are losing money with your solar plant (and how to avoid it)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Paradox of success: record renewable production, but plants lose money<\/h2>\n<p>Spain is at the epicenter of a historic energy transformation. Official data from Red El\u00e9ctrica de Espa\u00f1a (REE) confirm that we will close 2024 with an unprecedented figure: <strong>148,999 GWh of renewable generation<\/strong>, an increase of 10.3% over the previous year and covering 56.8% of national demand. On paper, these figures are the dream of any decarbonization plan. However, in the offices of CFOs and solar farm developers, the reality is much bleaker.   <\/p>\n<p>We are living a true operational and financial paradox. While we celebrate generation milestones, a massive amount of clean energy is literally being thrown away. Solar plants are producing at maximum capacity, but cannot inject that energy into the grid or charge for it. This phenomenon, known as <em>curtailment<\/em>, is no longer an anecdote but a structural threat that is eating into the profitability of PV assets.   <\/p>\n<p>As we mentioned in our analysis of why storage is key in Spain <a href=\"https:\/\/polestarenergy.es\/en\/why-energy-storage-is-key-in-spain-the-missing-piece-of-the-renewable-puzzle\/\"><strong>why storage is key in Spain<\/strong><\/a>the national electricity system is suffering from &#8220;growing pains&#8221;. Today, in the middle of March 2026, the situation has escalated to a critical level. If you are the owner, investor or manager of a solar farm and you are not monitoring the real cost of your discharges, it is very likely that you are losing hundreds of thousands of euros a year in &#8220;invisible energy&#8221;.  <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19187324 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/polestarenergy.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Sistema-de-almacenamiento-BESS-integrado-con-planta-solar-1024x585.jpg\" alt=\"BESS storage system integrated with solar plant to eliminate curtailment and maximize PV farm revenue\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/polestarenergy.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Sistema-de-almacenamiento-BESS-integrado-con-planta-solar-980x560.jpg 980w, https:\/\/polestarenergy.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Sistema-de-almacenamiento-BESS-integrado-con-planta-solar-480x274.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>What is curtailment and why does it occur? The anatomy of the spill <\/h2>\n<p>In simple terms, <strong>curtailment<\/strong> is the forced and intentional reduction of the production of a renewable energy plant by order of the System Operator (Grid). It occurs when your plant has the perfect conditions to generate electricity (bright sunshine), but the grid forces you to disconnect or reduce your power. It is the industrial equivalent of having a factory at full capacity and being forced to throw the production into the river because the delivery trucks cannot circulate.  <\/p>\n<p>To understand the seriousness of the problem, we must dissect its technical causes, which go far beyond a simple &#8220;lack of demand&#8221;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Saturation of the transmission and distribution network:<\/strong> The physical infrastructure (cables, substations) has thermal and capacity limits. We have installed gigawatts of solar panels much faster than we have built new power lines. By midday, the funnel is inevitable.  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Local node congestion:<\/strong> The problem is not always national, but hyperlocal. There are specific nodes in the Spanish grid where the concentration of solar parks is so high that, when they all inject at the same time, the node collapses and the operator must order technical shutdowns for safety reasons. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Imbalance between supply and demand (The Duck Curve):<\/strong> Solar generation peaks between 12:00 and 16:00 hours, paradoxically coinciding with times of flat or low demand (especially on weekends or spring).<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Iberian post blackout effect of 2025:<\/strong> This is the most recent key cause. Following the grid stability incidents in 2025, the System Operator has adopted a much more conservative stance. To maintain inertia and grid adjustment services (frequency and voltage), the use of gas plants (combined cycles) has been increased. These synchronous plants occupy a space in the grid that displaces renewables, sharply accelerating curtailment from April 2025.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The real economic impact: the financial drain of solar plants<\/h2>\n<p>Curtailment is not only an electrical engineering problem; it is a <em>Project Finance<\/em> problem. The energy dumped is unpaid energy. Nobody is going to compensate you for the megawatts that Red El\u00e9ctrica prevented you from injecting.  <\/p>\n<p>The evolution of the data is alarming. In 2021, curtailment in Spain represented just 0.4% of generation. In the 2023-2024 period, it rose to 1.8%. However, last summer marked a turning point: we recorded peaks of <strong>7.2% between May and July 2025<\/strong>, reaching a historic <strong>11% in the month of July 2025<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 80px;\" width=\"1131\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 1121px;\"><em>Just a few days ago, in March 2026, the prestigious consultancy Aurora Energy Research published its updated forecasts: uncompensated curtailment is expected to remain structurally high, reaching <strong>3.05 TWh in 2026<\/strong> and rising to <strong>3.38 TWh in 2027<\/strong>.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>How does this translate into your company&#8217;s bottom line? Let&#8217;s put some hard numbers on the table: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For a medium size solar plant located in an area with high curtailment (above 5% per year), the direct losses range between <strong>000 and 150,000 euros per year.<\/strong> This is enough to ruin the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) modeled in the development phase. <\/li>\n<li>If we escalate the problem to a <em>Utility Scale<\/em> project, the impact is devastating. A renewable farm with a generation capacity of 500 GWh per year that suffers a 7% curtailment (35 GWh dumped), assuming a conservative market price of 50 \u20ac\/MWh, faces a <strong>loss of revenue of 1.75 million euros per year.<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As we discussed in our article on <a href=\"https:\/\/polestarenergy.es\/en\/bess-for-business-benefits-costs-and-return-on-investment-in-the-industrial-environment\/\"><strong>BESS as a financial asset<\/strong><\/a>ignoring this variable in today&#8217;s financial models is reckless negligence. Volume risk can no longer be modeled with aggregated historical data; it is a local and structural risk. <\/p>\n<h2>The map of the spill: the most affected areas in Spain<\/h2>\n<p>Curtailment is not evenly distributed throughout Spain. It disproportionately affects those regions that combine an exceptional solar resource, a massive installation of farms and a relatively low local electricity demand. <\/p>\n<p>Currently, the &#8220;cursed valley&#8221; of photovoltaics is concentrated in the following areas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Extremadura:<\/strong> The provinces of Badajoz and C\u00e1ceres are ground zero for curtailment in Spain. Specific nodes in these provinces have registered critical discharge volumes. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Castilla-La Mancha:<\/strong> Ciudad Real and Toledo suffer severe restrictions. In some nodes of these provinces, the cuts can exceed <strong>35% of the energy generated<\/strong>. In other words, one out of every three megawatts produced is thrown away.  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Andalusia:<\/strong> Provinces such as Granada, Huelva, Cadiz and Almeria, leaders in solar deployment, see how their evacuation lines to large consumption centers are saturated daily.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aragon:<\/strong> Especially the province of Zaragoza, where the combination of strong wind and solar penetration is pushing the transmission grid to its physical limits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>BESS as the ultimate solution: from waste to financial assets<\/h2>\n<p>Faced with this scenario, the industry cannot sit and wait for new high-voltage lines to be built (a process that takes between 8 and 10 years). The technological, immediate and cost-effective solution already exists: Battery Energy Storage Systems. If you still have doubts about their basic operation, we recommend you to read our guide about <a href=\"https:\/\/polestarenergy.es\/en\/bess-systems-the-definitive-guide-to-what-they-are-how-they-work-and-their-role-in-the-energy-future\/\"><strong>what is a BESS<\/strong><\/a>.  <\/p>\n<p>Integrating a BESS into a solar farm (known as <strong>solar hybridization<\/strong>) radically transforms the business model. It turns a technical problem (landfill) into a high-margin financial opportunity. Here&#8217;s how it does it:  <\/p>\n<h3>Surplus Capture and Energy Arbitrage<\/h3>\n<p>The concept is brilliant in its simplicity. Instead of disconnecting the inverters when Red El\u00e9ctrica orders it, the farm diverts that energy to battery containers. The BESS absorbs the energy that was to be dumped (whose generation cost is zero) and stores it. Hours later, when the sun sets, the grid needs energy and wholesale market prices soar (peak hour), the BESS injects that electricity. This is the essence of <strong>energy arbitrage<\/strong>: buy (or generate) at zero price and sell at a premium price.    <\/p>\n<h3>2. Drastic improvement in the Capacity Factor (CF)<\/h3>\n<p>The Capacity Factor measures the actual productivity of a plant. A &#8220;solar-only&#8221; farm has a typical CF of 20-25%, as it is a &#8220;dead&#8221; asset at night. When combined with a BESS, the plant becomes a manageable asset capable of dispatching power for many more hours, significantly raising its overall profitability and its attractiveness to sign stable PPAs (Power Purchase Agreements).  <\/p>\n<h3>3. End of underutilization of the connection point.<\/h3>\n<p>The most expensive and difficult asset for a developer to obtain is the Grid Access and Connection Permit. A traditional solar farm only uses 100% of the capacity of that cable for a few hours in the middle of the day. The rest of the day, that expensive infrastructure sits idle. The BESS allows flattening the injection curve, using the existing evacuation infrastructure during the afternoon and evening, maximizing the return on the initial CAPEX.   <\/p>\n<h3>4. Revenue Stacking<\/h3>\n<p>The financial magic of the BESS lies in its versatility. The same battery system that saves you from curtailment at noon can participate in other markets. Thanks to advanced software (find out more about the role of <strong>EMS<\/strong>), the battery can offer grid adjustment services (frequency regulation) or perform <em>Peak Shaving<\/em>, adding multiple layers of revenue (Revenue Stacking) that accelerate the <em>payback<\/em> of the investment.  <\/p>\n<h3>5. High efficiency of the LFP cycle<\/h3>\n<p>A common question among inverters is whether a lot of energy is lost in the charging and discharging process. The answer is no. Current lithium-phosphate (LFP) technology offers a<em>round-trip efficiency<\/em> of over 95%. The very small energy loss in the chemical conversion is overwhelmingly offset by the economic differential of selling that energy at 100 \u20ac\/MWh instead of dumping it at 0 \u20ac\/MWh.   <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>The 2026 regulatory framework: the wind in storage&#8217;s sails<\/h2>\n<p>The legislator is fully aware that without storage, the energy transition collapses. Therefore, the Spanish regulatory framework has been aligned to boost this technology. The <strong>PNIEC 2023-2030<\/strong> sets a binding and ambitious target of <strong>22.5 GW of storage by 2030<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n<p>In addition, recent regulations such as <strong>Royal Decree 917\/2025<\/strong> and <strong>RDL 7\/2025<\/strong> have given a definitive boost. These laws not only streamline the procedures for the hybridization of existing plants, but also legally recognize the fundamental role of storage in the resilience, robustness and stability of the national electricity system. Investing in BESS now has the greatest legal security in the history of the sector.  <\/p>\n<p>At Polestar Energy, we understand that every megawatt shed is an opportunity lost. We design, size and execute BESS engineering projects adapted to the reality of each plant, ensuring that your investment is no longer at the mercy of grid constraints and becomes dominated by market volatility. <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Curtailment and BESS Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>  Can I install a BESS system in a solar farm that is already built and operating?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Yes, absolutely. This process is known as retrofit or a posteriori hybridization. The current regulation (RD 917\/2025) facilitates this process by allowing the sharing of the same connection point and access to the grid that the solar plant already has, without losing the acquired rights.  <\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>  How long does it take to amortize the investment of a BESS to avoid curtailment?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Although it depends on the discharge profile of your specific node and market volatility, well sized projects that combine surplus recovery with arbitrage strategies and adjustment services are showing payback periods of 5 to 7 years.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>  Does curtailment only affect solar PV?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>No, it also affects wind and solar thermal energy. However, the impact on photovoltaics is much more severe and visible because all national production is concentrated at exactly the same times of the day (the solar curve), creating massive bottlenecks at midday. <\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>  What role does software play in curtailment mitigation?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>It is the brain of the operation. A BESS without a good EMS (Energy Management System) is just a battery box. The EMS predicts when Red El\u00e9ctrica is going to order a discharge, analyzes market prices in real time and automatically decides whether it is more profitable to charge the battery, inject to the grid or participate in adjustment services.  <\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong>  Won&#8217;t curtailment be solved when more power lines are built?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In the long term, grid expansion will help. However, planning, processing and building new electricity transmission infrastructure in Spain takes 8 to 10 years. Renewable deployment is going at a much faster pace. BESS storage is the only technical solution that can be deployed in months to solve a problem that is already costing you money today.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paradox of success: record renewable production, but plants lose money Spain is at the epicenter of a historic energy transformation. Official data from Red El\u00e9ctrica de Espa\u00f1a (REE) confirm that we will close 2024 with an unprecedented figure: 148,999 GWh of renewable generation, an increase of 10.3% over the previous year and covering 56.8% of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19187328,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"dipi_cpt_category":[],"class_list":["post-19187335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-batteries"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.1 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Curtailment in Spain: why you are losing money with your solar plant (and how to avoid it) - Polestar Energy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Curtailment in Spain reached 11% in July 2025: your solar plant is losing money. 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